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How to smurf without getting banned

Almost everything written about this topic is either fear-mongering or sales copy. The truth sits in between: Riot bans accounts for specific, identifiable behaviours, and smurfing itself is not one of them. Playing on a second account is not against the rules. Buying one is — that is a separate issue, covered further down.
What follows is what actually triggers enforcement, ordered by how likely it is to affect you.

Chat and behaviour, by a wide margin

The overwhelming majority of League bans are behavioural, not technical. Riot's systems are tuned to detect harassment, slurs, and intentional feeding, and they act on reports quickly and often automatically. A smurf account with a clean chat log is far safer than a main with a history of restrictions.
This matters more on a new account than on your main, because a fresh account has no positive history to weigh against a report. Two reports in the first week land harder than twenty over three years. If you do nothing else from this page: mute all, and do not type.

Scripting, botting and third-party software

This is the category that produces permanent, unappealable bans. Scripts that automate mechanics, bots that level accounts, and anything that reads or writes game memory are detected by Riot's anti-cheat and actioned in waves rather than instantly.
The wave part is what catches people out. A bot-levelled account can play normally for weeks and then vanish alongside thousands of others when a detection wave lands. If you bought an account that was levelled by a bot, that risk is inherited — it attaches to the account, not to what you personally did on it.

Account sharing and ownership transfer

Riot's Terms of Service prohibit transferring, selling, buying or sharing accounts. Riot can and does reclaim accounts it identifies as sold. There is no technique, no VPN, no waiting period that makes a purchased account immune to this.
In practice, enforcement here is far less aggressive than for scripting, and it is usually triggered by a recovery request from the original owner rather than by proactive detection. That is precisely why the first thing to change on any account you did not create yourself is the recovery email.

Your first ten minutes on a new account

Change the password. Then change the recovery email to one you control and verify it. Until both are done, whoever set the account up can still take it back, and no warranty from anyone can prevent that — it is how account recovery is designed to work.
Then enable two-factor if it is offered on your region, and set chat to restricted. None of this is paranoia; it is the same checklist you would run on any account handed to you by a stranger.

What does not get you banned

Winning too much. Playing on a second account. Having a high win rate in placements. Being matched against lower-ranked players. Using a different IP or a VPN to reduce ping. Playing a region you do not live in.
None of these are rule violations, and none of them trigger enforcement on their own. The forum folklore that a 90% win rate flags your account is simply wrong — if it were true, every professional player's smurf would be gone.

Common questions

Does a high win rate get a smurf banned?
No. Win rate is not a ban signal. It affects matchmaking, which is the point of MMR, but Riot does not action accounts for winning. The belief that it does comes from confusing rank restrictions with bans.
Is a hand-levelled account really safer than a bot-levelled one?
Yes, in one specific way: it cannot be caught in a bot-detection wave, because no bot touched it. That is the entire difference. Neither is protected against a recovery request from the original owner.
Can I use a VPN on a smurf?
Using a VPN is not a ban condition. It can trigger additional login verification, and on some regions it causes more problems than it solves, but it is not itself a violation.
Regions covered here
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